Title: RISING AIR POLLUTION IN KASHMIR VALLEY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

Authors: ASIF BASHIR and Azra Mushtaq

Abstract: The Kashmir Valley, known for its picturesque landscapes, is increasingly facing the challenges posed by rising air pollution. This review paper explores the various sources of air pollution in the region, including vehicular emissions, biomass burning, industrial activities, and construction-related dust. While natural sources like dust storms and wildfires contribute minimally, anthropogenic factors are the primary drivers of pollution. The health impacts of air pollution in the valley are profound, with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, particularly among vulnerable populations, being of major concern. The region’s unique geography, characterized by narrow valleys, exacerbates the accumulation of pollutants, leading to persistent air quality issues. Furthermore, the ecological impacts of pollution, including the deterioration of biodiversity and the acceleration of glacier melting, are significant threats to the environment. Despite ongoing mitigation efforts, including government initiatives and awareness campaigns, air quality remains a pressing issue. The review discusses the challenges faced in addressing air pollution, such as limited monitoring infrastructure, population growth, and cultural practices, and suggests potential future directions for sustainable urban planning, cleaner technologies, and stricter enforcement of regulations. Immediate action is essential to safeguard public health and ensure the long-term environmental sustainability of the Kashmir Valley.

Keywords: Air Pollution, Particulate Matter (PM), Vehicular Emissions, Biomass Burning, Industrial Pollution, Health Impacts, Mitigation Strategies.

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